Printer issues

There are many types of printer dot matrix, laser printer, inkjet printer, 3d printer. The usagge of technology can affect our life including our safety. One of the ICT stuff is printer. We can find printers anywhere, at school, at the office, even in our home. Instead of a positif side of printers it also have negative side that are dangerous to us. example of the negativ impact of printers is the uses of toner in laser printer, radiation, EMR, ozone, chemical, and many more. 

Laser printer:

Inkjet printer:

Dot matrix:

3d printer:

Toner is the ink used by laser printers. It's different from the ink found in inkjet printers. Laser toner is made up of a dry, ultrafine powder, and contains a compound called carbon black, which the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) calls a Class 2B carcinogen. The IARC tests show that "sufficient evidence" exists to show that carbon black is carcinogenic to animals, while "inadequate evidence" exists to prove that it's carcinogenic to humans.

The best solution for this problem is put the laser printer in an open, well ventilated.

Some of the printers having noise problem, aspecialy we can find it in old printers or some inkjet printers. Sometimes the noise can disturb us while we are working. It can distract our concentration and bothering our neighbors in the office.  Noise reduction materials such as linen, fabric, or you can move your printer in the separate room with a  good soundproof.

Some printers are potentially can produce ozone (O3) gas above a threshold of tolerable health standards. Ozone (O3) is a highly reactive and unstable form of oxygen. The oxygen we breathe (O2) contains only two oxygen atoms, but the ozone (O3) molecule is made up of three oxygen atoms that are bound together. Ozone (O3), when released through conventional laser copy/print systems, is hazardous to the health of staff. The solutions of this matter are to put the printer in the room with good ventilation or replace the printer with the newest version with non ozone gas.

Good posture in sitting

When you sit, the back of your knees must have space at least 3 finger from the front of the sit pan.

If your feet do not attaches the floor, or you are too short you must use the footrest.

Glasses

If you are wearing glasses, you need to tilt down your monitor 15-35 degree because, to reduces glare and lighting by minimizing the amount of light reflecting off the front and back surfaces of your eye glasses. 

Distance

The distance between you and your monitor should be between 60-90 cm. a good way to see if your monitor is far enough to sit in your neutral position (which the chair pulled in where you would normally sit) and straighten your arm in front  of you. If your hand touches the monitor, you are to close to the monitor.How far you sit from the monitor will depend on your vision, your age and the size and resolution of your monitor. It's the best to sit as far as possible and increase your font size. The distance from your monitor and you should be between 20-40 inches or 60-90cm. A good way to see if your monitor is far enough is to sit in your neutral position (with chair pulled in where you would normally sit) and straighten your arm in front of you. 

Sit a comfortable distance from the monitor where you can easily read all text with your head and torso in an upright posture and your back supported by your chair. Provide adequate desk space between the monitor (table depth) and the user.

Height and location

Working with your head and neck turn to the side for a long prolonged period loads neck  muscle unevenly and increases fatigue and pain. Monitors cannot be farther than 35 degree to the left or right (if your computer position is in front of you). If your monitor is too high you have to work with your head and neck tilted back. You can raise your chair until you can view the monitor without tilting your back. And if your monitor is too low, Monitor should be at or slightly below your eye level, normally it's located 15-20 degrees below your eye level. Downward viewing angle never greater than 60 degrees. 

The position of the monitor must be below your eye level and should be tilted 15 degrees for proper accommodation of your eye. 

Things to do

If you are sitting at a computer at a long periods, you can do these things to avoid injuries:

The maximum time you are sitting and working at your computer Is 2 hours. If you must work more than 2 hours, you can do some stretches shown above and rest your eyes by closing it for 5 minutes. You can go outside and take a walk.

Keyboard, mouse, monitor

INPUT DEVICES:

🔸KEYBOARD

🔸MOUSE

INPUT DEVICES:

An input devices is any hardware device that sends data to the computer, without any input devices, a computer is just like a TV only be a display.

KEYBOARD:

When you use your keyboard, your upper arms should be relaxed and your elbows bent at a right angel or 90 degrees and your wrists straight.

CONTAINS:

A keyboard contains keys for letter and numbers as well as for specialized task (such as Enter, Delete,ect).

TYPES:

🔹Keyboard on same plane as forearms

🔹Tilt keyboard

🔹Negatively tilted keyboard

MOUSE:

Mouse should be at the same level as the keyboard so it can be easily reach. When you change your hand, automatically you are using different muscle. Mouse was develope as a pointing device. A mouse resides on a flat surface, and, by moving the mouse you can move the pointer on the screen.

CONTAINS:

🔸Buttons: allow you to enter instructions by clicking. 

🔸Wheel: for scrolling upward and downward.

In laptops, the  Ouse is actually substituted with a touchpad or trackpad. This is a specialized surface that follows the motion of your finger. You can still connect an external mouse to a laptop if you prefer.

MONITOR:

🔹GLASSES AND BIFOCALS

🔹LIGHTING AND GLARE 

GLASSES AND BIFOCALS:

The monitor will need to be even lower. Depending on vision levels, and the amount and type of computer work being done, people have found that a secon pair of glasses for computer-use only works better. Another alternative is to have a computer prescription in the upper part of the lens. Your optometrist will be able to determine the best solution, based on your vision.

LIGHTNING AND GLARE:

How can eye discomfort be reduced?

Overhead lighting

• Use filters to diffuse overhead lighting.
• Dim overhead lights.
• Keep in mind that recommended level of light in offices 300 - 500 lux is not a must. It applies in the situation where there is no task lamp in use.

Windows 

• Cover windows with adjustable blinds.

Monitor

• Adjust the brightness and contrast according to your preference.
• Use a light colour for the background.
• Place the monitor parallel (not directly below) with overhead lights.
• Angle the monitor away from lights and windows.
• Make sure that the task lamp illuminates the document and not the monitor.

REFFERENCE:

https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/stools/computerworkstations/components_monitors.html